Electronic Global University System and Services

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Date: Mon, 14 Jul 1997 13:37:16 -0400 (EDT)
From: Tak Utsumi <utsumi@solar.cini.utk.edu>
Subject: Final of the outline of your paper
To: Takagi Yoko <KGH07122@niftyserve.or.jp>
Cc: Utsumi Takeshi <utsumi@columbia.edu>,
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<<July 14, 1997>>

Ms. Tina Evans Greenwood
Managing Editor, GLOSAS News and
Library Instruction Coordinator
Fort Lewis College
612 East 32nd Street
Durango, Colorado 81301-81301
970-259-1345
970-247-7684
Fax: 970-247-7149
greenwood_t@fortlewis.edu
mfteg@uxa.ecn.bgu.edu

Mrs. Yoko Takagi (Fax: +81-726-80-2115)
Japan Representative
Teleclass International Japan
1-11-25 Tsukawaki
Takatsuki, Osaka 569
JAPAN
+81-726-88-3415
KGH07122@niftyserve.or.jp
ytakagi@apic.or.jp
http://tezukayamaizm-hs.sakai.osaka.jp/~atsukoy/index.html

(1) Yoko:

Attached is the final of the outline of your paper which will be
included in the web site of our book publishing project.

Pls start working on your full paper, which will be included in our
hard copy book after consulting our publisher.

(2) Tina:

Pls include this in the web. Thanks.

Best, Tak
**************************************

Teleclass the World

For past ten years, Teleclass International Japan (TIJ), a non-
profit educational organization, has sponsored and provided many Teleclass
projects internationally. Telecommunications tools such as video phone,
videoconferencing systems and e-mail have been used to promote
international understanding and improve English conversation and
communication abilities, mainly for K-12 Japanese students. Native
languages of students involved include Japanese, Korean and some other
languages.

TIJ uses a video phone system called Lumaphone to link to schools in
Hawaii, the United States mainland, New Zealand, Australia, France,
England, Slovakia, Belarus, Spain, Thailand, Korea and China. TIJ has
emphasized the importance of having communicative linkages among Asian
students and recently sent Lumaphones to schools in Korea, China, Nepal,
Taiwan and the Philippines.

The number of videoconferences is also increasing. Twenty-five ISDN
videoconferences have been held with schools in Hawaii, France, Australia,
Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Two
big events, Student APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) in 1995 and
ASIA in 1996, each linked students from five countries using a multipoint
connecting system with the help of Kokusai Denshin Denwa (KDD) Co., Ltd.

One of the highlights of the videoconferencing activities occurred
when the U.S. Federal Communications Commission Chairman Hundt visited one
of the Teleclass Net Schools in Osaka and joined a videoconference,
sitting among students and talking to students in Hawaii face-to-face. He
also talked with a teacher in Pennsylvania via Lumaphone during the
Teleclass session. Since Teleclass projects are supported by the Japanese
Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, TIJ appreciated Chairman Hundt's
visit very much.

In addition to the international Teleclass, TIJ recently started
Teleclass Local linking five high schools from Hokkaido to Okinawa in
Japan. This project uses both e-mail and videoconference technologies.
Those students who already have individual mail accounts talk and discuss
topics through e-mail, and every other week they have a videoconference
linking five regions by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation's
(NTT's) multipoint connecting system. For each videoconference, one high
school serves as a host, and the host school students handle the
conference set up and operation.

All these projects are components of Teleclass the World and are
based upon the Teleclass spirit of "weaving the world into one" originated
by Dr. John Wollstein, the Founder of Teleclass International in Hawaii.
This chapter discusses

1) TIJ history including how TIJ, a voluntary group, has gotten
teachers' attention in Japan,

2) interesting Teleclass projects and

3) future planning concerning how to cooperate with other worldwide
educational networks toward truly "weaving the world into one."
****************************************

Biography of Yoko Takagi

Yoko Takagi is the head of Teleclass International Japan, which is a
part of Teleclass International project originated in Hawaii. The project
is one of the new educational movements of distance learning in Japan
using inexpensive Lumaphone via Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) and
ISDN videoconferene equipment.
She is now devoting her life to conducting educational
videoconferencing through the Teleclass The World program which extends
worldwide. Most of her work entails persuading school principals to
participate in such programs, encouraging participating teachers,
preparing programs with students, writing grant applications, making
speeches, visiting with government officials and boards of education. She
often travels to overseas countries with Lumaphones as conducting
Lumaphone videoconferences at various schools.
She received an Associate of Arts degree from Chaminade University
in Honolulu, Hawaii. Prior to her study in Hawaii, she worked at
Mitsubishi Bank (now Tokyo Mitsubishi Bank).
**************************************

Address

Mrs. Yoko Takagi
Japan Representative
Teleclass International Japan
1-11-25 Tsukawaki
Takatsuki, Osaka 569
JAPAN
+81-726-88-3415
Fax: +81-726-80-2115
KGH07122@niftyserve.or.jp
ytakagi@apic.or.jp
http://tezukayamaizm-hs.sakai.osaka.jp/~atsukoy/index.html
**********************************************************************
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D. *
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *
* Founder of CAADE *
* (Consortium for Affordable and Accessible Distance Education) *
* President, Global University in the U.S.A. (GU/USA) *
* A Divisional Activity of GLOSAS/USA *
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A. *
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Fax: 718-939-0656 (day time only--prefer email) *
* INTERNET: utsumi@columbia.edu; Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676 *
* FTP://champlaincollege.qc.ca (IP 198.168.102.231) *
* http://www.wiu.edu/users/milibo/wiu/resource/glosas/cont.htm *
* http://www.friends- *
* partners.org/oldfriends/education/globaluniv/synopsis.html *
**********************************************************************

--Boundary_(ID_3BW5NRtoS2cSqQXeCWd4Ow)

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From: Tak Utsumi <utsumi@solar.cini.utk.edu>
Subject: Next-to-final ourline of your paper
To: Cortinovis Renato <RENATO.CORTINOVIS@itu.ch>
Cc: Tina Greenwood <greenwood_t@FORTLEWIS.EDU>,
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<<July 14, 1997>>

(1) Renato:

Attached is the next-to-final of the outline of your paper. Pls
reply to some inquiries in << >> at your earliest convenience.

We are now ready to include it in the web site of our book
publishing project.

Pls start preparing your full paper which will be included in our
hard copy book after consulting our book publisher.

(2) Tina:

Pls check this from your editorial viewpoint.

Thanks in advance.

Best, Tak
**************************************
The Global Telecommunications University and Global
Telecommunications Training Institute (GTU/GTTI)

What is the GTU/GTTI
The senior telecommunication managers who participated in the World
Development Conference organized by the International Telecommunications
Union (ITU) in 1994, expressed the urgency of establishing a Global
Telecommunication University (GTU) in order to further diversify training
opportunities for developing countries and to better implement modern
teaching technologies.

Purpose of the GTU/GTTI
The mission of the GTU/GTTI would be to contribute to the
development of
human resources in the telecommunication sector. A special emphasis will
be placed on engineering and management training needs, arising from the
changing environment in developing countries, as a result of
privatization, competition, the opening to the market economy, the
digitalization of networks and the introduction of new technologies and
services.

Potential Partners
The GTU/GTTI would be organized by pooling the existing resources
available in training and education telecommunication institutions. The
former would be the major partners in this venture.

Target Population
The target population would be composed of managers, engineers and
technicians of telecommunication organizations in developing countries.
The customers of the GTU/GTTI would be the companies providing
telecommunications services as well as regulatory bodies.

Use of Media
The GTU/GTTI would rely on the extensive use of modern
telecommunication technologies to support distance education. This
option, however, does not exclude that traditional campus-based activities
could still be conducted in different locations in the regions.

Status of the activities
A GTU preliminary model was prepared and some key aspects to be
addressed were identified. An electronic conference was opened to discuss
the details of this preliminary model and to allow a world-wide
brainstorming on the subject. In order to use complementary communication
facilities, in line with the objectives of the GTU/GTTI, a traditional
Round-Table was organized at ITU-Geneva in 1995. A small ITU task force
carried out in 1996 a feasibility study identifying a range of scenarios
and estimating the related necessary resources. While the operational and
legal structures of the GTU/GTTI are being designed, we are continuing the
development of a GTU/GTTI Test Bed: the Virtual Training Center (VTC).

Plans for the immediate future: continuation/reinforcement of the
VTC.
The feasibility study suggested the continuation/reinforcement of
the Virtual Training Center (VTC) activities as a test-bed of the
GTU/GTTI. These activities will pave the ground for the implementation of
the future GTU/GTTI on a wider scale.

Current VTC activities include:
* Use and cross-cultural validation of existing computerized training
material. As an example, we are validating hundreds of CBT modules
ranging from Project Management to Network Design in Telecom training
centers all over the world.

<<Renato:
What does CBT stands for?>>

* Coordination of a number of regional Virtual Task Forces (VTF),
consisting in groups of people mainly using telematics facilities for
collaborating.
* Development of a series of web/cmc-based distance-learning courses,
delivered via the Internet (delivery started in 1996).

<<Renato:
What is "cmc"?>>

Comprehensive and up-to-date information about the GTU/GTTI and the VTC is
available at http://www3.itu.int/VTC/.
************************************** The International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

Founded in Paris in 1865 as the International Telegraph Union, the
International Telecommunication Union took its present name in 1934 and
became a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1947.

The ITU is an intergovernmental organization, within which the
public and private sectors cooperate for the development of
telecommunications.

The ITU adopts international regulations and treaties governing all
terrestrial and space uses of the frequency spectrum as well as the use of
the geostationary-satellite orbit, within which countries adopt their
national legislation. It also develops standards to facilitate the
interconnection of telecommunication systems on a worldwide scale
regardless of the type of technology used. Spearheading
telecommunications development on a world scale, the ITU fosters the
development of telecommunications in developing countries, by establishing
medium-term development policies and strategies in consultation with other
partners in the sector and by providing specialized technical assistance
in the areas of telecommunication policies, the choice and transfer of
technologies, management, financing of investment projects and
mobilization of resources, the installation and maintenance of networks,
the management of human resources as well as research and development.

As at 22 February 1996, the ITU comprised 185 Member States and 363
members (scientific and industrial companies, public and private
operators, broadcasters, regional/international organizations) to the
three sectors.
**************************************

Address

Mr. Jaime Herrera
Head. HRD Division
Telecommunications Development Bureau (BDT)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Place des Nations
CH 1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland
+41-22-730-5090
JAIME.HERRERA@itu.int

and

Mr. Renato Cortinovis
Training Officer
HRD Division
Telecommunications Development Bureau (BDT)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Place des Nations
CH 1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
RENATO.CORTINOVIS@itu.int
**********************************************************************
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D. *
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *
* Founder of CAADE *
* (Consortium for Affordable and Accessible Distance Education) *
* President, Global University in the U.S.A. (GU/USA) *
* A Divisional Activity of GLOSAS/USA *
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A. *
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Fax: 718-939-0656 (day time only--prefer email) *
* INTERNET: utsumi@columbia.edu; Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676 *
* FTP://champlaincollege.qc.ca (IP 198.168.102.231) *
* http://www.wiu.edu/users/milibo/wiu/resource/glosas/cont.htm *
* http://www.friends- *
* partners.org/oldfriends/education/globaluniv/synopsis.html *
**********************************************************************

--Boundary_(ID_3BW5NRtoS2cSqQXeCWd4Ow)

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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 1997 15:11:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: Tak Utsumi <utsumi@solar.cini.utk.edu>
Subject: Next-to-final outline of your paper
To: Mike Jensen <mikej@wn.apc.org>
Cc: Tina Greenwood <greenwood_t@FORTLEWIS.EDU>,
Utsumi Takeshi <utsumi@columbia.edu>
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<<July 14, 1997>>

Mike Jensen
mikej@wn.apc.org

(1) Mike:

Attached is the next-to-final of the outline of your paper.

We are now ready to include it in the web site of our book
publishing project.

Pls provide us with your full address (affiliation name, snail mail
address, phone/fax, etc.).

Pls also start working on its full paper.

(2) Tina:

Pls check this from your editorial viewpoint.

Thanks in advance.

Best, Tak
**************************************
A Guide to Improving Internet Access in Africa
with Wireless Technologies

Study made for
International Development Research Center (IDRC) of Canada
(August 31st 1996)

Index:
Preface
Introduction
The Radio Spectrum
Regulating the Use of Radio Frequencies
Wireless Applications
Fixed Microwave Multi-Channel Trunk Carrier Services
Long Distance Terrestrial HF Radio Networks
Geostationary Satellites
Satellite Equipment and Services
Geostationary Satellite Operators in Africa
Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) Satellites
Short Distance Local Loop Technologies
Cellular Telephony (point-to-multipoint systems)
Packet Radio
Narrowband Packet Radio
Wideband/Spread Spectrum Packet Radio and Wireless LANs
Microwave Data Systems
Fibreless Optical Systems
Digital Radio Trunking Systems
Data Broadcasting
New Information Highway Wireless Local Loop Proposals

Preface
The use of radio frequencies for wireless communications has
advanced extremely rapidly over the past few years resulting in an
explosion of possibilities for improving communications infrastructures
worldwide. In Africa in particular, wireless technologies are seen as one
of the most important ways of addressing the needs of a continent with the
least developed telecommunication system in the world.

Wireless systems also have a special role to play in meeting data
communication needs and the spread of the Internet has placed further
demands for widely accessible and reliable high-bandwidth circuits on a
generally overburdened and unstable infrastructure. However radio based
solutions are being considered so frequently for improving basic
telecommunication infrastructure that wireless access to the Internet
should also be looked at in a wider context of the provision of systems to
assist the public network in providing access to both voice and data.

This report attempts to identify the opportunities for using
wireless technologies for Internet access in this context and should be
of interest to international agencies planning development assistance
projects in the region as well as Telecommunication Operators, Internet
Service Providers and end-users. In the developed countries many wireless
technologies are being developed to meet the demand for mobile computing.
Although many of the systems discussed can also provide mobile Internet
connections, in Africa these needs are far lower and so less attention is
given to this area in the report.

Wireless solutions usually rely on proprietary hardware and software
platforms developed by a particular company - the development of open
standards is still at a very early stage and so in most cases it is
mandatory to use the same company's products at each end of a link. With
this sort of limitation in the competitive environment between suppliers
and the great variety in types of connections, equipment and protocols,
choosing a system can be difficult and there are few ongoing forti to
improve information exchange. As a result there is a strong thread of
product information in this report and an extensive list of contact
addresses and information resources on the Internet dealing with wireless
technologies are included in the Appendix.

<<Mike:
What is "forti" above? -- I could not find it in my dictionary.>>
**************************************

Biography of Michael Jensen

A South African, Michael Jensen has experience in 30 countries in
Africa assisting with the establishment of Internet and computer based
communications systems over the last 10 years. Originally a research
biologist, Mr. Jensen then worked as a journalist on the Rand Daily Mail
in Johannesburg. He moved to Toronto, Canada in 1985 and co-founded the
country's national non-governmental computer communications network - The
Web. Since 1990 he has worked as an independent consultant based in
Johannesburg. He was one of the principal contributors to President
Nelson Mandela's Telcom95 keynote speech in Geneva and is a member of the
African Conference of Ministers High Level Working Group which developed
the African Information Society Initiative (AISI) adopted by the
Conference of Ministers in May 1996.

Mr. Jensen is currently working on a UNESCO/ITU/IDRC joint
initiative to establish rural multi-purpose telecenters in 4 African
countries. One of the project's aims is to strengthen the national public
library organizations and to develop electronic library facilities
relevant to the needs of the rural population.
**************************************
Address

Mike Jensen
mikej@wn.apc.org
**********************************************************************
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D. *
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *
* Founder of CAADE *
* (Consortium for Affordable and Accessible Distance Education) *
* President, Global University in the U.S.A. (GU/USA) *
* A Divisional Activity of GLOSAS/USA *
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A. *
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Fax: 718-939-0656 (day time only--prefer email) *
* INTERNET: utsumi@columbia.edu; Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676 *
* FTP://champlaincollege.qc.ca (IP 198.168.102.231) *
* http://www.wiu.edu/users/milibo/wiu/resource/glosas/cont.htm *
* http://www.friends- *
* partners.org/oldfriends/education/globaluniv/synopsis.html *
**********************************************************************

--Boundary_(ID_3BW5NRtoS2cSqQXeCWd4Ow)

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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 1997 19:47:20 -0400 (EDT)
From: Tak Utsumi <utsumi@solar.cini.utk.edu>
Subject: Final of outline of your paper
To: Manhaes Mauricio <manhaes@terravista.com.br>
Cc: Tina Greenwood <greenwood_t@FORTLEWIS.EDU>,
Utsumi Takeshi <utsumi@columbia.edu>
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<<July 15, 1997>>

(1) Mauricio:

It was my great pleasure to have met you in Florianopolis last
month, albeit very briefly. Many thanks for your completed CD-ROM
of CATARIA!!

Attached is the final of the outline of your paper.

We are now ready to include it in the web site of our book
publishing project.

Pls start working on your full paper, which will be included in our
hard copy book after consulting our book publisher.

(2) Tina:

Pls include it in the web site.

Thanks in advance.

Best, Tak
**************************************

CATARIA

What is CATARINA?
CATARINA is a powerful educational tool presented in CD-ROM format.
It is an innovative resource which couples scientific rigor with the
attractiveness of video games by permitting students to navigate easily
through course lessons by means of video, texts, graphics, audio and
animation. So far, lesson materials have included complex visual models
such as a three dimensional display of molecules with their electrons
spinning in association/dissociation. The software also allows students
to interact with the experience or demonstration being presented -- an
experiential learning in a virtual laboratory where students can observe
changes frame-by-frame at a specified rate and can even "rewind" animated
sequences to repeat them. Envisioned primarily for teaching of the
natural sciences such as chemistry, physics and biology, CATARINA's main
advantage is to replace traditional, segmented, static images and graphics
with animated sequences, demonstrating processes as they occur in nature.
CATARINA not only personalizes learning process, but also enriches the
fundamental topics of school programs with text, sound and dynamic
animated sequences. It is geared toward stimulating the interest of the
student and encouraging him/her to participate, thereby positively
reinforcing the learning process and promoting continued studies.

Concept of CATARINA
CATARINA is a set of software applications that uses animation,
three-dimensional images and/or virtual reality. The idea driving the
development of CATARINA is to present scientific subject matter with
exactness and, at the same time, to interact with the learner in a quick
and pleasant way. Students will be attracted to it as if it were a video
game.

Objectives of CATARINA
CATARINA can be used whenever the visualization of the process or
object will make learning easier and faster, especially at times when the
subject being studied is complex and difficult for the student to
understand. Due to its interactive, dynamic and open nature, CATARINA can
become the ideal complement to books, handouts and traditional classes
because of its fresh and useful combination of text, images and animation
which allow quick explanation of concepts that would otherwise demand
study of several written pages and much in-class explanation. CATARINA
means a new teaching methodology whereby the computer becomes an
innovating and instigating pedagogical contribution in educational
informatics.
****************************************

Biography of Mauricio Manhaes

Mauricio Manhaes is the founder of TerrAvista Computer Arts in
Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, which was established in 1992. His
firm develops software to help people and industries use computer aided
design in a friendly and surprisingly easy way. One application of
TerrAvista software has been in visualizing machinery for ceramics
industries. Mr. Manhaes has also been a freelance designer for Warner
Brothers Records at Rio de Janeiro, and his academic studies include
graphic arts and law. He has been working on the CATARINA project since
1994.
**************************************

Address

Mr. Mauricio Manhaes
Creative Director
Traducao Grafica
terrAvista Computer Arts
(Formerly EXTRA Graph)
Rua Lauro Linhares, 589
2 andar
Condominio de Informatica
Trindade, Florianopolis, SC
CEP 88036-971
BRAZIL
Tel: +55-48-234-4963
Fax: +55-48-234-3745
manhaes@terravista.com.br
**********************************************************************
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D. *
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *
* Founder of CAADE *
* (Consortium for Affordable and Accessible Distance Education) *
* President, Global University in the U.S.A. (GU/USA) *
* A Divisional Activity of GLOSAS/USA *
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A. *
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Fax: 718-939-0656 (day time only--prefer email) *
* INTERNET: utsumi@columbia.edu; Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676 *
* FTP://champlaincollege.qc.ca (IP 198.168.102.231) *
* http://www.wiu.edu/users/milibo/wiu/resource/glosas/cont.htm *
* http://www.friends- *
* partners.org/oldfriends/education/globaluniv/synopsis.html *
**********************************************************************

--Boundary_(ID_3BW5NRtoS2cSqQXeCWd4Ow)

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Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 11:29:42 -0400 (EDT)
From: Tak Utsumi <utsumi@solar.cini.utk.edu>
Subject: Your excellent full paper
To: Joe Pelton <pelton@isu.isunet.edu>
Cc: Utsumi Takeshi <utsumi@columbia.edu>,
Tina Greenwood <greenwood_t@FORTLEWIS.EDU>
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<<July 16, 1997>>

(1) Joe:

Many thanks for your msg with an excellent, succinct full paper for
our planned book from Idea-Group Publishing -- ATTACHMENT I.

Referring to ATTACHMENT II and III, I wonder if you can
elaborate/add further (in a few paragraphs) on the use of digital
satellite for broad-band international Internet -- followings are
some hints;

(a) I read in SSPI's newsletter that INTELSAT developed
interactive satellite channel.

(b) You may refer to the purpose and vision of Category I (for the
use of narrow-band digital satellite channel) of Project
ACCESS.

(c) You may also compare pro and con of geosynchronous satellite
and low earth orbiting satellite for international Internet.

(d) You may refer/comment on the initial trial step for having
such a broad-band international Internet by NSF -- see
<http://www.cise.nsf.gov/ncri/nsf97-106.html>

(e) Such broad-band international satellite channel requires huge
operating cost. Therefore, in order to finance them, there
may need to have a similar funds as "Universal Funds" ($4.65
billion) which the U.S. FCC recently announced -- see
<http://www.fcc.gov/ccb/universal_service/fcc97157/>.

Pls confirm your address in Boulder above.

Looking forward to receiving your response to the above.

(2) Tina:

Pls check this from your editorial viewpoint.

Thanks in advance.

Best, Tak
**************************************
ATTACHMENT I

Date: 8 Jul 1997 14:27:10 +0100
From: "Joseph Pelton" <Joseph_Pelton@isu.isunet.edu>
Subject: Re: Respectfully requesting
To: "Tak Utsumi" <utsumi@www.friends-partners.org>

RE>Respectfully requesting paper con
8/07/97
TO: Tak Utsumi
FROM: Joe Pelton
Here is my brief article for your book project. I will be
moving back to the U.S. on the 3rd of August and you can reach
me at my old telephone, fax and e-mail address after that time.
Best regards Joe Pelton
======================================

Trends in Satellite Tele-education

Dr. Joseph N. Pelton
Dean, International Space University
Srasbourg, France

The Start of Satellite Tele-education

The launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, occurred in
October 1957. This was quickly followed by the launch of a series of
telecommunications satellites such as Score, Courier IB, Echo, Relay,
Telstar, and Syncom. These and other experimental satellites demonstrated
that voice, data and television could be sent reliably between ground
antenna systems. These experiments led to the deployment of three
operational systems in 1965 namely the Russian Molniya domestic satellite
system, the U.S. Initial Defense Satellite Communications System, and the
INTELSAT global satellite system's Early Bird. From the very start of
satellite communications services television transmissions were featured.
These included exchanges between heads of state, the Lemans automobile
race, and important social services such as surgeons in Geneva,
Switzerland observing open heart surgery in Houston, Texas by Dr. Debekey.

In the ensuing years through the late 1960s and the 1970s efforts to
devise satellite technology that could bring cost effective satellite
tele-education services to rural and remote areas at cost-effective rates
continued. These efforts included the Applications Technology Satellite
series 1 through 6 that showed many different new satellite applications
including satellite tele-education. The ATS-6 with a very large
unfurlable antenna demonstrated rural satellite video education services
in the Appalachia region of the U.S. as well as in Brazil and India. The
Communications Technology Satellite (with the Hermes satellite designed
and built in Canada and with NASA providing the launch) also showed how
very high powered satellites could broadcast educational video to rural
areas using only very small aperture terminals.

In the 1980s satellite based tele-education began to evolve on a
global scale. The Indian INSAT system, building on the positive SITE
experiments conducted with the ATS-6 was deployed starting with the INSAT
1B in 1983. Now with the INSAT 2 series, built the Indian Space
Organization, deployed there are four satellites providing television
based education to tens of thousands of villages. In Indonesia the Palapa
satellite system also began offering television education in the 1980s as
well. International programming as well as local programming developed by
Television Radio Indonesia (TVRI) provided service to sites on Indonesia
most heavily populated islands.

In areas such as the Caribbean and the South Pacific operating
networks based on satellite operations have been in operation for over 20
years through such networks as UDIWITE (University of the West Indies)
Peacesat (University of the South Pacific).

Project Share

One of the key stimulants to the spread of satellite communications
came from the INTELSAT sponsored Satellites for Health and Rural Education
(SHARE) project that took place from 1985 to 1987. Free satellite
capacity was made available to test rural and remote educational and tele-
health projects all over the world. Most dramatically, China, under the
auspices of INTELSAT's Project Share began its national education
television program in this manner. It began with only a few dozen
stations and a few thousand students. Today this network has over 90,000
antennas in operation in all parts of China and reaches over 3 million
students.

In East Africa and in the Caribbean tele-medicine tests were carried
out using only a single satellite voice circuit to connect the Memorial
Hospital of Newfoundland to remote hospital and clinics. The same circuit
was used for a seven hour shift to link Canada with Kenya and Uganda and
then for another seven hour shift to link Canada with Caribbean nations.

Current and Future Trends

In Canada and the United States over 100 different satellite tele-
education systems are now in operation. These include state and province
owned and operated networks, commercial networks that range from primary
schooling to graduate level programming. Some projects such as the Mind-
Extension University of the Jones Intercable reaches into over 20 million
homes via cable television. Others such as the National Technological
University (NTU) combines college course produced by over 40 different
universities and also provides short courses and corporate training.
European use of satellite tele-education has been less extensive than in
North America
simply because extensive terrestrial telecommunications networks are
widely available and cover population centers and educational institutions
quite well.

Project Learn

One of the latest initiatives to seek to stimulate new directions
and experiments in satellite tele-education is called Project LEARN. This
stands for Local Education and Resource Network and its objective is to
stimulate a wide range of tele-education projects in diverse subjects, in
a number of countries and with alternative technical and operations
approaches. It is anticipated that after the various trials, tests and
demonstrations, and projects are completed that an assessment team will
evaluate the successes, shortcoming, and key lessons learned and prepare a
international report of these findings. To date projects in India, China,
Russia, Korea, and the U.S. have been initially identified for detailed
planning. It is intended that the final report and evaluation will be
published and circulated by the International Telecommunication Union as
well as presented in electronic form as an international web site.

Specific objectives are to test and evaluate:

a. broad band versus narrow band tele-education systems
b. effectiveness of tele-education at various age levels
c. ability to combine rural communications systems with tele-education
systems
d. effectiveness of combined tele-education and tele-medicine projects
e. effectiveness of satellite, terrestrial and hybrid systems in
meeting tele-education objectives.
f. identify typical gaps or problems in tele-education projects such as
in the areas of training of educators and technicians, program
development, terminal equipment, high cost of establishing or
maintaining ground systems, technical standards, etc.
g. impact of tele-education systems on quality of life and general
improvements to society (these areas are admittedly extremely
difficult to measure).

These projects are planned for 1998 and 1999 and the final report
for Project LEARN is anticipated in the year 2000.

There are today a growing number of test, demonstrations, and even
commercial projects in tele-education. It is hoped that Project LEARN and
perhaps other parallel global test and evaluation programs can share more
broadly and effectively the results of these tele-education tests.

Conclusions

Today there are some 50 satellite carriers who have deployed some
200 GHz of satellite capacity in orbit, representing over 200 satellites.
The next decade may well see the number of satellite carriers growing to
100 to 150 carriers and the total amount of satellite capacity (as now
proposed) could grow to 2000 GHz. This explosion of satellite capacity in
low, medium and geosynchronous satellite orbit should make a tremendous
amount of new space segment capacity that could be used for tele-education
and tele-medicine purposes. Further this sudden expansion of capacity
should also reduce the capital and operating costs for tele-education
systems. Systematic planning efforts, like Project LEARN are needed now
to exploit fully the new capacity that will be increasingly available in
the next few years.
**************************************

ATTACHMENT II

To: Joseph Pelton
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 1997 16:04:01 -0500 (EST)
From: Tak Utsumi <utsumi@www.friends-partners.org>
To: Joe Pelton <pelton@isu.isunet.edu>
Cc: Utsumi Takeshi <utsumi@columbia.edu>
Subject: Respectfully requesting paper contribution

=================================================
OMITTED HERE BY T. UTSUMI <<July 16, 1997>
=================================================

(2) I would like to respectfully inquire if you can contribute a paper
to our proposed book "Electronic Global University System and
Services" which will be published from Idea-Group Publishing in
Harrisburg, PA this year.

If affirmative, I wish to have a paper from your vast knowledge and
experience on the overview of satellite usage for global education -
- particularly on the current/future use of broad-band VSAT (T1 at
1.5 Mbps or up) for Global Information Infrastructure(GII) -- our
book is a part of a series on GII, and is to promote the usage of
Internet.

Though many developing countries have now been connected with
TCP/IP oriented Internet, most of them are still with only 128
or 256 Kbps, at the best, for their connection with the U.S.

Looking into the near future of Year 2000, 2005 and 2010 with
the rapid advancement of WWW via Internet, and also the
requirement of high-resolution image transfer for
telemedicine, such broad-band VSAT will be a vital necessity
for both global electronic distance education and global-
healthcare and -telemedicine.

We are now start collaborating with tele-healthcare and -
medicine group (Koop Foundation, World Health Organization,
Pan American Health Organization, Norwalk Hospital/Yale
University School of Medicine, etc.) to cost share expensive
broad-band VSAT earth station and satellite segment.

One of ideas is to have mtgs on the establishment of an
international coalition for GII, firstly in Philadelphia this
spring with U.S. government officials (particularly from the
US Information Agency, US Agency for International
Development, etc.) and secondly at UNESCO/Paris this fall
(tentative), to discuss massive funding (in the magnitude of
$5 billion) from governments of Japan, north America and
Europe for effective use of the broad-band VSAT.

I wish you can attend one of those mtgs -- I will inform you
when the mtgs are firmed up.

(3) This book publishing project will have three phases;

(a) hard copy book to which each contributor will present 2 to 5
page summary,

(b) CD-ROM (or DVD) to be accompanied with the book, to which each
contributor will present 10 to 20 pages with multimedia
materials,

(c) virtual book with computer-mediated conferencing system via
web and Internet -- the CD-ROM (or DVD) materials will be
converted to this.

Should you accept this invitation, pls send me a half page outline
of your paper and a half page bio at your earliest convenience.

<<Joe:
I have received them. Thanks.>>

=================================================
OMITTED THE REST BY T. UTSUMI <<July 16, 1997>
=================================================
**************************************
ATTACHMENT III

Excerpt from
ITU Secretary-General's Message
for
TELECOM "Inter@ctive 97" Conference
8-14, September
Geneva, Switzerland

Interactive seems to me to be the most unifying and appropriate
characteristic of the new infocommunication applications and services.
This is reflected by Martin Bangemann, who currently heads policy
development in the fields of telecommunications and the information
society at the European Union: "There will not be a 'single and unique'
information highway," he says, "but 'system' of information highways,
formed in particular by the cable TV networks, the wireless terrestrial
networks, the different kinds of satellite networks, etc. Internet is
part of this global picture of interlinked networks, but it presents some
special characteristics. With its huge offer of on-line, interactive
services of an incredible variety, it has succeeded in attracting a
considerable community of users behind the technology." According to
Bangemann, the key of Internet success is the offer of interactive
applications.
On entering a new world, we would prefer to be players rather than
spectators, and interactivity must be one of the most appropriate tools
for being both a player and keeping control.
Furthermore, multimedia, considered as new form of information
delivery (not in the transmission sense of the term but in its
communication sense), can be seen as a new interface between the content
provider and the information consumer, and the key of success for this
interface, as symbolized by the World Wide Web, is again: interactivity.
**********************************************************************
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D. *
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *
* Founder of CAADE *
* (Consortium for Affordable and Accessible Distance Education) *
* President, Global University in the U.S.A. (GU/USA) *
* A Divisional Activity of GLOSAS/USA *
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A. *
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Fax: 718-939-0656 (day time only--prefer email) *
* INTERNET: utsumi@columbia.edu; Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676 *
* FTP://champlaincollege.qc.ca (IP 198.168.102.231) *
* http://www.wiu.edu/users/milibo/wiu/resource/glosas/cont.htm *
* http://www.friends- *
* partners.org/oldfriends/education/globaluniv/synopsis.html *
**********************************************************************

--Boundary_(ID_3BW5NRtoS2cSqQXeCWd4Ow)

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Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 14:29:21 -0400 (EDT)
From: Tak Utsumi <utsumi@solar.cini.utk.edu>
Subject: Next-to-final outline of your paper
To: Joe Pelton <pelton@isu.isunet.edu>
Cc: Tina Greenwood <greenwood_t@FORTLEWIS.EDU>,
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<<July 16, 1997>>

(1) Joe:

Many thanks for the outline of your paper and excellent bio.

This outline was changed from the one you sent to me on
1/22/97, to reflect the one of your brief full paper you sent
to me on 7/8/97.

We are now ready to include it in the web site of our book
publishing project.

Pls check the outline below for your final approval.

(2) Tina:

Pls check this from your editorial viewpoint.

Thanks in advance.

Best, Tak
**************************************
Trends in Satellite Tele-education

1. The Start of Satellite Tele-education
2. Project SHARE
3. Current and Future Trends
4. Project LEARN

(Note Project LEARN is an open ended and participatory project which will
involve the ITU, World Bank, NASA, ESTEC, CRL of Japan, Russia, China,
INTELSAT and INMARSAT at this stage.)
****************************************
Biography of Joseph N. Pelton

Dr. Joseph N. Pelton (B.S. University of Tulsa, M.A. New York
University, Ph.D. Georgetown University). Dr. Pelton is the Vice
President of Academic Programs and Dean of the International Space
University (ISU) of Strasbourg, France. This "new style" University is
currently creating a global virtual university tied to 25 university sites
around the world. Dr. Pelton also serves as Managing Director of the
Arthur C. Clarke Foundation and on the Board of Trustees of the
International Institute of Communications. He is the author of 14 books
in the field including Future View, Future Talk, and Global Talk which was
nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Most recently he has published Wireless
and Satellite Telecommunications (Prentice Hall, 1995) and the second
edition of The How to Book of Satellite Communications (Design Publishers,
1995). In 1997 he will publish his next book called The Cyberspace
Chronicles.

Prior to assuming his current post Dr. Pelton served as Director of
the Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program and the Center for
Advanced Research in Telecommunications (CART) at the University of
Colorado at Boulder--the oldest such program in the U.S. From 1969-89 Dr.
Pelton held various management positions with INTELSAT and COMSAT
including Director of Strategic Planning and Director of Project Share
(SHARE stood for Satellites for Health and Rural Education). For his
leadership in establishing and carrying our Project SHARE, he was awarded
the H. Ree Lee award of the Public Service Satellite Consortium. Dr.
Pelton is a frequent keynote speaker and has deliver major addresses in
over 40 countries around the world as well as spoken at the UN, the US
Congress, Harvard University, the AAAS and at many other prestigious fora.

Dr. Pelton is a full member of the International Academy of Astronautics,
a member of the American Biographical Institute, Who's Who International,
the World Future Society, the AIAA and the Society of Satellite
Professionals of which he was the founding president.
**************************************
Address

Dr. Joseph N. Pelton
Director, Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program
Engineering Center, OT 2-41
Campus Box 530
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado 80309-0530
303-492-8916
Fax: 303-492-1112
Pelton_J@cubldr.colorado.edu
Pelton@Boulder.Colorado.edu
and
Dean and Vice President of Academic Programs
International Space University
Srasbourg, France
**********************************************************************
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D. *
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *
* Founder of CAADE *
* (Consortium for Affordable and Accessible Distance Education) *
* President, Global University in the U.S.A. (GU/USA) *
* A Divisional Activity of GLOSAS/USA *
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A. *
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Fax: 718-939-0656 (day time only--prefer email) *
* INTERNET: utsumi@columbia.edu; Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676 *
* FTP://champlaincollege.qc.ca (IP 198.168.102.231) *
* http://www.wiu.edu/users/milibo/wiu/resource/glosas/cont.htm *
* http://www.friends-partners.org/oldfriends/education/globaluniv/synopsis.html *
**********************************************************************

Originally posted at the Website: http://library.fortlewis.edu/~instruct/glosas/GN/ by Tina Evans Greenwood, Library Instruction Coordinator, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado 81301, e-mail: greenwood_t@fortlewis.edu, and last updated May 7, 1999. By her permission the whole Website has been archived here at the University of Tennessee server directory of GLOSAS Chair Dr. Takeshi Utsumi from August 9, 2000 by Steve McCarty in Japan.